PRE-ETHICAL REFLECTION OF THE PERIPHRONETIC ABDERITE
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Abstract
Eight or nine catalogued writings of Democritus, preserved under the
collective title Ethics (᾿Ηθικὰ), have survived, arranged into two tetralogies.
Subsequently, several eminent thinkers endeavoured to integrate these somewhat
fewer than 220 fragments into a logical, coherent, and original system, conferring upon
them a place of prominence within the philosophy of „Wisdom” from Abdera, with
the intent of concluding that, in his case, one may speak almost incontrovertibly of an
ethics, indeed to the extent of regarding him as the progenitor of Greek ethical thought.
However, an examination of those passages and of Leukippus’ „associate” positions
concerning virtue, justice, laws, regulations, norms, responsibility, democracy, liberty,
contentment, happiness, measure, paideia, and man has led the author of this article
to a markedly diff erent conclusion. From the extant Fragmenta moralia, it is manifest
that there is no separate methodological refl ection on morals, nor any thinking on
active thinking, alias, ethics, as a discipline, nor any conceptual articulation of the
aforementioned practical expressions and terms. In the Thracian’s notes, one most
frequently fi nds morality-based maxims and so-called loci communes of Hellenic
culture and civilisation. A signifi cant number of sententiae, in other words, do not
transcend the realm of explicating what is known as folk wisdom, that is, gnōmai,
or didactic maxims, of the ancient world. Ultimately, the author has determined
that within the ‘ethical’ works of the „very thoughtful” (περίφρονα) Abderite one
encounters predominantly advisory elements characteristic of the pre-ethical and premoral
experience of the Hellenes, and no more than that.
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