KARL ŠMIT I FRIDRIH HAJEK O DEMOKRATIJI: IZBORNE SRODNOSTI?
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Apstrakt
Cilj ovog rada jeste da otkrije strukturalne srodnosti između Karla Šmita i Fridriha Hajeka povodom pojma parlamentarne demokratije. Poistovećivanje Hajekove neoliberalne misli sa Šmitovim teorijskim opravdavanjem fašizma očito bi predstavljalo aistorijsku preteranu generalizaciju. Dok Šmit razvija model apsolutnog suvereniteta oslanjajući se na odluku suverena o vanrednom stanju, Hajek predviđa istorijsko ostvarenje onih uslova koji dopuštaju cvetanje tržišne konkurencije. Šmitov model potčinjava tržište svemoćnoj državi, dok Hajek potonju vidi kao motor koji podržava slobodno tržišno takmičenje.
Pažljivijim čitanjem, međutim, iza naizgled suprotstavljenih modela dvojice mislilaca mogle bi se uočiti srodnosti.
Šmitov model vanredne diktature i Hajekova nomokratija jesu dva različita odgovora i napada na pokušaje levice da konstruiše demokratsku državu blagostanja u Vajmarskoj republici i posleratnoj Evropi. Šmit se zalaže za koncentraciju političke moći u totalitarnoj državi kao jedini „lek“ za demokratsku kontaminaciju liberalizma izazvanu politizacijom građanskog društva. Slično tome, Hajek prekoreva svaku državnu intervenciju prihvatajući formu države blagostanja, ali podržava moćnu državu kojoj se poverava uloga čuvara uslova tržišne konkurencije.
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