KO JE SUBJEKT? ŠTA JE SUBJEKTIVNOST?
Glavni sadržaj članka
Apstrakt
Ovaj članak dovodi u pitanje pojam subjektivnosti kao bezvremenske,
univerzalne kategorije prateći složena i radikalno promenljiva značenja „subjekta”
i „subjektivnosti” kroz istoriju fi lozofi je. Tvrdi se da je moderni koncept nastao iz
ključne srednjovekovne sinteze, pomirujući Aristotelov pasivni hypokeimenon
(supstrat koji „prima nešto”) sa Avgustinovim modelom neposrednog samoprisustva
duše. Suprotno Hajdegerovom narativu koji poreklo moderne subjektivnosti locira
kod Dekarta, ova analiza identifi kuje Kantov transcendentalni zaokret kao ključni
trenutak, defi nišući subjektivnost kao aktivnu, ali praznu strukturu iskustva, a ne
kao supstancu. Članak dalje pokazuje kako je ovaj moderni, aktivni subjekat uporno
bio izazivan kontratradicijom – „poniženim cogito-m” ili „anti-cogito-m” – koja
naglašava pasivnost, bezličnost i konstituisanu prirodu misli, od Lihtenberga i Ničea
do strukturalizma i psihoanalize. Konačno, ispituje se paralelna kritika unutar angloameričke
analitičke tradicije, koja je u početku odbacila subjektivnost kao izvor
greške, ali se kasnije njome pozabavila kroz problem svesti. Članak zaključuje da
nedavna tvrdnja Tomasa Mecingera – da čista svest možda nije subjektivni fenomen
– nije sasvim novo otkriće, već najnovija iteracija ove drevne debate, favorizujući
izvorno, pasivno značenje. Istorija subjektivnosti je stoga predstavljena kao nerešena
tenzija između subjekta kao aktivne osnove i kao pasivnog proizvoda.
Detalji članka
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