SOPHISTS AND PHILOSOPHY OF POLITICS
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Abstract
The question of the merits and original contributions of the Sophists, as
well as their shortcomings, continues to provoke confl icting views. The affi rmation of
rational consciousness as a medium for comprehending the axiological and political
reality, on which a new paideia was founded, positioned the Sophists as „enlighteners.”
The limitation of this turn lies in the inherent incapacity of rational consciousness to
articulate the universal character of human action and world-view. The absence of a
unifi ed doctrinal approach and the inability to universalize newly emerging axiological
claims in the works of Plato and Aristotle positioned the Sophists as founders of a
„relativistic culture.” This laid the foundation for their negative reputation, while their
contribution to posing fundamental questions questions that would later fi nd their full
affi rmation in the works of ancient philosophers is often overlooked. Among such
questions are key topics in political philosophy, including education and political
expertise, the veracity of political speech, the origin of the state, and the value of law
and justice.
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